12.25.2011

IHD

Posted on 12:11 AM by know about heart


It results from myocardial ischemia due to an imbalance between the supply and demand of the heart for oxygenated blood. The another name of its it is coronary artery disease (CAD).
IHD are classified into four syndromes:
1. MI (myocardial INFRCTION): It is most common.
2. ANGINA PETORIS: There are three variants in angina pectoris.
_STABLE ANGINA
_UNSTABLE ANGINA
_PRINZMETAL ANGINA
3. CHRONIC IHD WITH HEART FAILURE
4. SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH: Death occurs from causes usually within one hour. In IHD death is mostly due to ventricular filtration or a systole.
FACTOR CAUSING IHD:
1. Coronary atherosclerosis: In more than 90%, cause is the reduction of coronary blood flow due to coronary atherosclerosis.
2. Variable degree of superimposed acute plaque change.
3. Thrombosis
4. Vasospasm
5. Inflammation
6. Disease like AS (aortic stenosis)
7. Congenital anomalies of coronary artery.
8. Dissection of coronary artery
9. Metabolic disorder
10.Thrombosis underlying atherosclerotic plaque.
11.Drug abuse: Cocaine, amphetamine
RISK FACTOR OF IHD: In the development of IHD ,40% of the risk is controlled by genetic , and 60% by environmental factors. The risk factors have been established epidemiologically by Framingham and other studies. Risk factor are divided into two factor. They are fixed and modifiable factor.
Fixed factor are increasing age, male gender, family history of IHD, postmenopausal status and genetic abnormalities.
Modifiable factors: _
1. Hypertension
2. Hyperlipidemia
3. Cigarette smoking
4. Diabetes
5. Obesity
6. Physical inactivity
7. Stress
8. Alcohol intake
9. Chlamydia pneumonia
10. Hormone containing contraceptive use
PREVENTION OF IHD (Ischemic heart disease):
A.By self-control_
1. Stop smoking
2. Stop alcohol intake
3. Regular physical exercise
4. Maintenance of body weight
5. Control of diabetes mellitus
6. Control of lipid
7. Less intake of carbohydrate
8. Intake much amount of vegetable and anti –oxidant food.
B.By taking drug_
1. Long term treatment with low dose aspirin
2. Chronic use of beta blocker-atenolol
3. ACEI (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) in clinically evident HF.

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