12.11.2011

PERICARDIUM

Posted on 7:34 PM by know about heart


It is conical shape and a fibro serous sac. It encloses the heart and root of the great vessel. It is situated in the middle mediastinum. Layers of pericardium: It has two layers.
i) Outer fibrous pericardium
ii) Inner serous pericardium
Fibrous pericardium:  It is conical shape that encloses the heart and fuse with the vessel that enter/leave the heart. Apex of fibrous pericardium is blunt and fused with roots of the great vessel. The bare of it is brood. It is blended with central tendon of the diaphragm. In front, it is connect to upper and lower ends of body of the sternum by superior and infection sternopericardial ligaments. Fibrous pericardium is developed from septum transversum.
Serous pericardium: It is thin. It has two layers. The outer layer that fused with fibrous pericardium is called parietal layer. The inner layer which fused with heart is called visceral layer of serous pericardium. It is also called epicardium.

Pericardial cavity:
A potential space between the parietal layer of serous pericardium and visceral layer of serous pericardium. Pericardial fluid present in the pericardial cavity.
Pericardial Sinuses: There are two sinuses present in pericardium.
Transverse sinus: Transverse passage between the arterial and venous pericardial tubes.
Boundary:
Anteriorly: Aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Posteriorly: superior venacava and left atrium.
On each side, it opens into pericardial cavity.
Development: Absorption of central part of dorsal mesocardium.
Oblique sinus: It is inverted “ J “shaped.
 Boundary:
Anteriorly: left atrium
Posteriorly-parietal pericardium
Right Side: Right pair of pulmonary veins and inferior venacava.
Left side left pair of pulmonary veins.
Development:
Absorption of four pulmonary veins in left atrium.
Artery Supply:
Branch of internal thoracic artery and descending thoracic aorta supplied in the fibrous pericardium and parietal pericardium. Visceral layer is supplied by coronary arteries.

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